Story Problems with Objects (Topic 5) in Module 2 – Math-PK (BG)

Story Problems with Objects

Introduction

A story problem tells a little story about something happening, and we need to figure out the answer. At Pre-K, we act out these stories with real objects we can touch and move!

What Are Story Problems?

The Basic Parts

  • A story: Something happening to people, animals, or things
  • Numbers: How many of something
  • A question: What do we need to find out?
  • Objects: Real things we use to act out the story
  • An answer: What we discover by acting it out

Why Use Objects?

Pre-K children need to: - See the story happen - Touch and move real things - Act out the action - Count to find the answer

We don't write equations or do mental math yet - we make the story real!

Types of Story Problems

Adding Stories

Structure: Start with some + get more = ?

Example: "Maya has 2 dolls. Her friend gives her 1 more doll. How many dolls does Maya have now?" - Use 2 objects for the dolls Maya has - Add 1 more object when friend gives one - Count all objects: 3 dolls

Taking Away Stories

Structure: Start with some - take away some = ?

Example: "Ben had 5 crackers. He ate 2 crackers. How many crackers does Ben have left?" - Start with 5 objects - Remove 2 objects (eat them!) - Count what's left: 3 crackers

Putting Together Stories

Structure: Group 1 + Group 2 = ?

Example: "There are 3 red balloons and 2 blue balloons. How many balloons are there altogether?" - Make a group of 3 objects (red balloons) - Make a group of 2 objects (blue balloons) - Push them together and count: 5 balloons

Taking Apart Stories

Structure: Total = Part 1 + Part 2

Example: "Sofia has 6 crayons. Some are on the table and some are in the box. If 4 are on the table, how many are in the box?" - Start with 6 objects - Put 4 in one place (table) - Count what's left for the other place: 2 in box

How to Solve Story Problems

Step 1: Listen to the Story

  • Pay close attention
  • What is happening?
  • Who or what is in the story?

Step 2: Get Objects

  • Choose objects to represent the story
  • Could be blocks, counters, toys, or anything!
  • Make sure you have enough

Step 3: Act It Out

  • Do what the story says
  • If it says "put together," put objects together
  • If it says "take away," remove objects
  • Make the story happen with real objects!

Step 4: Count

  • Count the objects
  • The count gives you the answer
  • Say the answer: "There are 5!"

Step 5: Check

  • Does the answer make sense?
  • Listen to the story again
  • Act it out again if needed

Sample Story Problems

Adding Story 1

"There are 2 birds in the tree. 3 more birds fly to the tree. How many birds are in the tree now?" - Start with 2 counters (birds) - Add 3 more counters (more birds fly in) - Count all: 5 birds

Adding Story 2

"You have 3 stickers. Your teacher gives you 2 more stickers. How many stickers do you have now?" - Start with 3 objects - Add 2 more - Count: 5 stickers

Taking Away Story 1

"There were 5 ducks swimming. 2 ducks swam away. How many ducks are still swimming?" - Start with 5 objects - Remove 2 objects - Count remaining: 3 ducks

Taking Away Story 2

"You had 4 cookies. You ate 1 cookie. How many cookies do you have left?" - Start with 4 objects - Remove 1 object - Count: 3 cookies left

Putting Together Story

"There are 2 toy cars on the floor and 3 toy cars on the shelf. How many toy cars are there in all?" - Make one group of 2 - Make another group of 3 - Combine and count: 5 cars

Practice Activities

Story Acting Center

Materials: Various small objects, pictures to prompt stories 1. Tell a simple story 2. Child chooses objects to represent the story 3. Child acts out the story 4. Child counts to find the answer

Story Bag

Materials: Bag with story cards and counters 1. Draw a story card 2. Read/tell the story 3. Use counters to act it out 4. Find the answer

Snack Story Time

Materials: Snacks! 1. Create real stories with actual snacks 2. "You have 3 grapes. I give you 2 more. How many now?" 3. Child actually gets the snacks and counts 4. Then eats them!

Partner Stories

Materials: Small toys 1. Children work in pairs 2. One child tells a story 3. Other child acts it out with toys 4. Both count to find answer 5. Switch roles

Building Understanding

Math Is About Real Life

  • Stories connect to things children know
  • Animals, toys, food, friends
  • Math isn't abstract - it's about our world!

Different Actions Need Different Strategies

  • "Put together" → combine groups
  • "Get more" → add to existing group
  • "Take away" → remove objects
  • "Split up" → separate into parts

Recognizing the action helps solve the problem!

Objects Make It Clear

  • Can see what's happening
  • Can touch and move things
  • Can count the result
  • Makes abstract concrete

Common Challenges

Challenge 1: Not Understanding the Story

  • Problem: Child doesn't know what the story is about
  • Solution: Use simpler language, familiar contexts
  • Act it out together first

Challenge 2: Using Wrong Action

  • Problem: Takes away instead of adding, or vice versa
  • Solution: Listen carefully to the action words
  • Model: "It says 'get more' so we add objects"

Challenge 3: Counting Errors

  • Problem: Makes mistakes while counting
  • Solution: Count slowly together
  • Line objects up to make counting easier

Challenge 4: Giving Up Too Quickly

  • Problem: Says "I don't know"
  • Solution: Encourage: "Let's use these blocks to show the story"
  • Guide through the process

Tips for Success

Use Simple Stories

  • Short sentences
  • Familiar vocabulary
  • Small numbers (1-5)
  • One step at a time

Make Stories Personal

  • Use child's name
  • Use their toys or favorite things
  • Connect to their experiences
  • "You have 3 toy cars..."

Provide Plenty of Objects

  • Have lots of counters available
  • Different types (blocks, buttons, toys)
  • Let child choose what to use
  • Having options helps engagement

Go Slowly

  • Don't rush
  • Let child think
  • Wait for them to act it out
  • Give time to count

Celebrate Effort

  • "You acted out the story!"
  • "You found the answer!"
  • "You used the blocks to help you think!"
  • Process is as important as answer

Real-Life Story Problems

At Home

  • "You're setting the table for 3 people. You put out 2 plates. How many more plates do you need?"
  • "There are 4 shoes by the door. 2 shoes go away. How many shoes are left?"

At School

  • "4 children are at the art table. 2 more children join them. How many children are at the art table now?"
  • "We have 6 paintbrushes. 2 are being used. How many are not being used?"

In Stories

  • "The three bears have 3 bowls of porridge. Goldilocks eats 1 bowl. How many bowls are left?"
  • Storybooks provide natural story problems!

Building Vocabulary

Listen For Key Words

  • Adding words: more, join, get, find, altogether, in all, total
  • Subtracting words: take away, eat, lose, left, remaining, go away
  • Question words: how many, how much, what's the answer

Story Language

  • Had, has, have (what they start with)
  • Got, gave, received (adding)
  • Ate, lost, flew away (taking away)
  • All together, in all (total)

Assessment Questions

Can the child: - Listen to a story problem? - Choose appropriate objects? - Act out the story with objects? - Perform the correct action (add or subtract)? - Count accurately to find the answer? - Answer the question? - Explain what they did?

Next Steps

Once children can solve story problems with objects: - They're ready for slightly more complex stories - They can work with bigger numbers - They can begin to visualize without always needing objects - They're building problem-solving skills!

Story problems show that math helps us understand and solve real situations!

Story Problems with Objects

Introduction

A story problem tells a little story about something happening, and we need to figure out the answer. At Pre-K, we act out these stories with real objects we can touch and move!

What Are Story Problems?

The Basic Parts

  • A story: Something happening to people, animals, or things
  • Numbers: How many of something
  • A question: What do we need to find out?
  • Objects: Real things we use to act out the story
  • An answer: What we discover by acting it out

Why Use Objects?

Pre-K children need to: - See the story happen - Touch and move real things - Act out the action - Count to find the answer

We don't write equations or do mental math yet - we make the story real!

Types of Story Problems

Adding Stories

Structure: Start with some + get more = ?

Example: "Maya has 2 dolls. Her friend gives her 1 more doll. How many dolls does Maya have now?" - Use 2 objects for the dolls Maya has - Add 1 more object when friend gives one - Count all objects: 3 dolls

Taking Away Stories

Structure: Start with some - take away some = ?

Example: "Ben had 5 crackers. He ate 2 crackers. How many crackers does Ben have left?" - Start with 5 objects - Remove 2 objects (eat them!) - Count what's left: 3 crackers

Putting Together Stories

Structure: Group 1 + Group 2 = ?

Example: "There are 3 red balloons and 2 blue balloons. How many balloons are there altogether?" - Make a group of 3 objects (red balloons) - Make a group of 2 objects (blue balloons) - Push them together and count: 5 balloons

Taking Apart Stories

Structure: Total = Part 1 + Part 2

Example: "Sofia has 6 crayons. Some are on the table and some are in the box. If 4 are on the table, how many are in the box?" - Start with 6 objects - Put 4 in one place (table) - Count what's left for the other place: 2 in box

How to Solve Story Problems

Step 1: Listen to the Story

  • Pay close attention
  • What is happening?
  • Who or what is in the story?

Step 2: Get Objects

  • Choose objects to represent the story
  • Could be blocks, counters, toys, or anything!
  • Make sure you have enough

Step 3: Act It Out

  • Do what the story says
  • If it says "put together," put objects together
  • If it says "take away," remove objects
  • Make the story happen with real objects!

Step 4: Count

  • Count the objects
  • The count gives you the answer
  • Say the answer: "There are 5!"

Step 5: Check

  • Does the answer make sense?
  • Listen to the story again
  • Act it out again if needed

Sample Story Problems

Adding Story 1

"There are 2 birds in the tree. 3 more birds fly to the tree. How many birds are in the tree now?" - Start with 2 counters (birds) - Add 3 more counters (more birds fly in) - Count all: 5 birds

Adding Story 2

"You have 3 stickers. Your teacher gives you 2 more stickers. How many stickers do you have now?" - Start with 3 objects - Add 2 more - Count: 5 stickers

Taking Away Story 1

"There were 5 ducks swimming. 2 ducks swam away. How many ducks are still swimming?" - Start with 5 objects - Remove 2 objects - Count remaining: 3 ducks

Taking Away Story 2

"You had 4 cookies. You ate 1 cookie. How many cookies do you have left?" - Start with 4 objects - Remove 1 object - Count: 3 cookies left

Putting Together Story

"There are 2 toy cars on the floor and 3 toy cars on the shelf. How many toy cars are there in all?" - Make one group of 2 - Make another group of 3 - Combine and count: 5 cars

Practice Activities

Story Acting Center

Materials: Various small objects, pictures to prompt stories 1. Tell a simple story 2. Child chooses objects to represent the story 3. Child acts out the story 4. Child counts to find the answer

Story Bag

Materials: Bag with story cards and counters 1. Draw a story card 2. Read/tell the story 3. Use counters to act it out 4. Find the answer

Snack Story Time

Materials: Snacks! 1. Create real stories with actual snacks 2. "You have 3 grapes. I give you 2 more. How many now?" 3. Child actually gets the snacks and counts 4. Then eats them!

Partner Stories

Materials: Small toys 1. Children work in pairs 2. One child tells a story 3. Other child acts it out with toys 4. Both count to find answer 5. Switch roles

Building Understanding

Math Is About Real Life

  • Stories connect to things children know
  • Animals, toys, food, friends
  • Math isn't abstract - it's about our world!

Different Actions Need Different Strategies

  • "Put together" → combine groups
  • "Get more" → add to existing group
  • "Take away" → remove objects
  • "Split up" → separate into parts

Recognizing the action helps solve the problem!

Objects Make It Clear

  • Can see what's happening
  • Can touch and move things
  • Can count the result
  • Makes abstract concrete

Common Challenges

Challenge 1: Not Understanding the Story

  • Problem: Child doesn't know what the story is about
  • Solution: Use simpler language, familiar contexts
  • Act it out together first

Challenge 2: Using Wrong Action

  • Problem: Takes away instead of adding, or vice versa
  • Solution: Listen carefully to the action words
  • Model: "It says 'get more' so we add objects"

Challenge 3: Counting Errors

  • Problem: Makes mistakes while counting
  • Solution: Count slowly together
  • Line objects up to make counting easier

Challenge 4: Giving Up Too Quickly

  • Problem: Says "I don't know"
  • Solution: Encourage: "Let's use these blocks to show the story"
  • Guide through the process

Tips for Success

Use Simple Stories

  • Short sentences
  • Familiar vocabulary
  • Small numbers (1-5)
  • One step at a time

Make Stories Personal

  • Use child's name
  • Use their toys or favorite things
  • Connect to their experiences
  • "You have 3 toy cars..."

Provide Plenty of Objects

  • Have lots of counters available
  • Different types (blocks, buttons, toys)
  • Let child choose what to use
  • Having options helps engagement

Go Slowly

  • Don't rush
  • Let child think
  • Wait for them to act it out
  • Give time to count

Celebrate Effort

  • "You acted out the story!"
  • "You found the answer!"
  • "You used the blocks to help you think!"
  • Process is as important as answer

Real-Life Story Problems

At Home

  • "You're setting the table for 3 people. You put out 2 plates. How many more plates do you need?"
  • "There are 4 shoes by the door. 2 shoes go away. How many shoes are left?"

At School

  • "4 children are at the art table. 2 more children join them. How many children are at the art table now?"
  • "We have 6 paintbrushes. 2 are being used. How many are not being used?"

In Stories

  • "The three bears have 3 bowls of porridge. Goldilocks eats 1 bowl. How many bowls are left?"
  • Storybooks provide natural story problems!

Building Vocabulary

Listen For Key Words

  • Adding words: more, join, get, find, altogether, in all, total
  • Subtracting words: take away, eat, lose, left, remaining, go away
  • Question words: how many, how much, what's the answer

Story Language

  • Had, has, have (what they start with)
  • Got, gave, received (adding)
  • Ate, lost, flew away (taking away)
  • All together, in all (total)

Assessment Questions

Can the child: - Listen to a story problem? - Choose appropriate objects? - Act out the story with objects? - Perform the correct action (add or subtract)? - Count accurately to find the answer? - Answer the question? - Explain what they did?

Next Steps

Once children can solve story problems with objects: - They're ready for slightly more complex stories - They can work with bigger numbers - They can begin to visualize without always needing objects - They're building problem-solving skills!

Story problems show that math helps us understand and solve real situations!

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